Jellyfish breeds - Oct 30, 2017 · Of the 2,000-known species, only 70 can be harmful to human beings. The box jellyfish (Chironex flecker) are among the most dangerous. Turriptosis nutricula is a species of the jellyfish commonly referred to as the ‘immortal jellyfish’ since it can transform into the polyp state from the mature medusa thus avoiding death.

 
The weight of a jellyfish depends on the species. One of the more common species, the deadly box jellyfish, can weigh up to about 5 pounds. One of the largest breed of jellyfish, t.... American gangster tv show

Many different species of sea jellies live in Queensland waters. These are some of the species you are most likely to find. Phylum CnidariaPhylum Ctenophora.Jan 4, 2024 · Species: Jellyfish. Ernie, one-half of the dynamic jellyfish duo, brings a relaxed yet loyal vibe to the film. As a friend to Sykes and an inseparable partner to his brother Bernie, Ernie’s Jamaican roots, voiced by the talented Ziggy Marley, add a cultural richness and laid-back rhythm to the underwater hustle of “Shark Tale.”Mar 8, 2024 · The bodies of all box jellyfish in their adult, or free-swimming medusa, form resemble a box-shaped bell, with clusters of tentacles trailing from each corner of the bell. Depending upon the species, the bell’s diameter can range in size from 1–30 cm (0.4–11.8 inches), and the tentacles can extend up to 3 metres (9.8 feet) in length.Mar 1, 2023 · Box jellyfish are carnivores with few predators. Unlike “true” jellyfish, they are able to pursue prey at speeds of up to 4.6 miles per hour. They use the nematocysts on their long tentacles to envenom their prey, after which they swallow them. Despite this adaptation, they do have a few notable predators.Feb 28, 2024 · Building Bionic Jellyfish for Ocean Exploration. February 28, 2024. Jellyfish can't do much besides swim, sting, eat, and breed. They don't even have brains. Yet, these simple creatures can easily journey to the depths of the oceans in a way that humans, despite all our sophistication, cannot.Sha. 10, 1440 AH ... ... jellyfish-specific structures and cell types of two medusozoan species. Results and discussion. Molecular phylogeny of Cnidaria.May 31, 2015 · The lion's mane jellyfish is the world's largest jellyfish species. The largest lion's mane jellyfish have a bell that is over 8 feet across, and tentacles that can stretch anywhere from 30–120 feet in length. Is it a Jellyfish? Yes Identification: Lion's mane jellyfish have a pink, yellow, orange, or reddish brown bell, that gets darker as ... Oct 13, 2023 · 2. Lion’s mane jellyfish. The biggest kind of jellyfish is called a lion’s mane jellyfish, also known as an arctic red jellyfish. They have a maximum diameter of 8 feet and a maximum length of 120 feet. The bell …Cyanea lamarckii, also known as the blue jellyfish or bluefire jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish in the family Cyaneidae. Description. Blue jellyfish age can be identified by color of their bell. They tend to be pale in appearance when young, but mature to have a brightly purple-blue (some yellow) colored bell.Mar 26, 2024. Pesala Bandara. The scientists photographed new species unknown to science, such as this sea pig named the “Barbie pig” due to its hot pink colour and …Dec 30, 2023 · The Moon Jellyfish’s life cycle intrigues even the most experienced marine biologist. These jellies breed or mate with a combination of sexual and asexual reproduction. Because of this, their unique technique helps increase their population near coastlines. They can also thrive in different climates all year round.What you should know about jellyfish. Jellyfish are among the oldest species in the history of our planet and can still be found in all seas. The Cnidaria, seen ...In jellyfish, the special nematocyst-containing cells fill the cylindrical tentacles, arranged in outward-facing rings of venom capsules paired with miniature harpoons ready to strike. Depending on the species, nematocysts might fill the jellyfish’s gut to help sting its prey, or protectively cover the embryos that the jellyfish releases. Jellyfish have a unique and complex life cycle that involves both a polyp and medusa stage. The life cycle of jellyfish can vary between species, but most follow a similar pattern. Polyp Stage. The first stage of the jellyfish life cycle is the polyp stage. During this stage, the jellyfish exists as a small, tube-like structure called a polyp. Oct 13, 2023 · 2. Lion’s mane jellyfish. The biggest kind of jellyfish is called a lion’s mane jellyfish, also known as an arctic red jellyfish. They have a maximum diameter of 8 feet and a maximum length of 120 feet. The bell …Sep 20, 2023 · With its stunning white sand beaches along the Panhandle, Pensacola attracts swimmers, snorkelers, and beach lovers year-round. But those planning water activities often wonder if jellyfish will be present to interfere with the fun. While over 40 species of jellyfish inhabit the Gulf of Mexico, only some …Muh. 8, 1444 AH ... Types of jellyfish · Box jellyfish. Box jellyfish can cause intense pain and, rarely, life-threatening reactions. The more dangerous species of ... Widmer has bred dozens of jellyfish species, including moon jellies, which resemble animated shower caps. His signature jelly is the Northeast Pacific sea nettle, displayed by the score in a 2,250 ... Quick Facts. Species Type. Native. Size. Sea nettles and lion's mane jellyfish: 4 inch diameter; moon jellyfish: 10 to 12 inch diameter. Habitat.In jellyfish, the special nematocyst-containing cells fill the cylindrical tentacles, arranged in outward-facing rings of venom capsules paired with miniature harpoons ready to strike. Depending on the species, nematocysts might fill the jellyfish’s gut to help sting its prey, or protectively cover the embryos that the jellyfish releases. Jellyfish can produce offspring both sexually and asexually; depending on the species, they may be able to create copies of themselves by dividing in two, or laying down little pods of cells, or ... Contents. Jellyfish classification. Where do jellyfish live? what do jellyfish eat? Poisonous jellyfish. Non poisonous jellyfish. Big jellyfish. Immortal jellyfish. Types of …2 days ago · Size. Bell reaches about 2.5cm wide in adults, tentacles up to 1m long when extended. The infamous Irukandji is a tiny jellyfish with a sting that feels no worse than a mosquito bite, but within 30 minutes can have you fighting for your life. It leads a solitary life in offshore waters in northern Australia, mostly from Geraldton in north-west ...These alien-looking tiny blue jellies with sails have been washing ashore in San Francisco by the hundreds over the last few days. Known as by-the-wind sailors, or Velella …A small study found that dog bowls, especially ceramic and plastic bowls, breed E. coli, salmonella and MRSA. HowStuffWorks looks at the findings. Advertisement Regardless of how c...Muh. 8, 1444 AH ... Types of jellyfish · Box jellyfish. Box jellyfish can cause intense pain and, rarely, life-threatening reactions. The more dangerous species of ...Learn about the main jellyfish species and the most recognizable gelatinous plankton species in the Mediterranean Sea. Click on the illustrations to see more details and images of each jellyfish.Jul 15, 2007 · Tank Raised Moon Jellyfish. Jellyfish are possibly the most exciting addition to the marine aquarium hobby since the introduction of the living coral reef tank by George Schmidt aquarium back in 1984. Those amazing looking displays of beautifully sculpted jellyfish creatures that float so gracefully are now being tank raised and offered for ... Jellyfish have a unique and complex life cycle that involves both a polyp and medusa stage. The life cycle of jellyfish can vary between species, but most follow a similar pattern. Polyp Stage. The first stage of the jellyfish life cycle is the polyp stage. During this stage, the jellyfish exists as a small, tube-like structure called a polyp. Jellyfish have a unique and complex life cycle that involves both a polyp and medusa stage. The life cycle of jellyfish can vary between species, but most follow a similar pattern. Polyp Stage. The first stage of the jellyfish life cycle is the polyp stage. During this stage, the jellyfish exists as a small, tube-like structure called a polyp.Breeding and Training a Fighting Dog - Training a fight dog is an abusive activity that can involve beatings, starvation and death. Learn more about how training a fight dog works...See full list on outforia.com Cat allergies, like sexuality, run on a spectrum. If you’re only slightly allergic, you might be ready to bear it, if you can find a cat that will meet you halfway. While there’s n...Advertisement Imagine that you create a very large cage and put a group of mice into it. You let the mice live and breed in this cage freely, without disturbance. If you were to co...Oct 13, 2023 · 2. Lion’s mane jellyfish. The biggest kind of jellyfish is called a lion’s mane jellyfish, also known as an arctic red jellyfish. They have a maximum diameter of 8 feet and a maximum length of 120 feet. The bell …Description. More than 100 species of jellyfish have been recorded along the Great Barrier Reef, including the notorious stinging blue bottles and box jellyfish. One of these, the infamous …While most jellyfish are harmless there are a few types of jellyfish you need to be careful and aware of when you are swimming in the ocean. Irukandji Jellyfish. Lion’s Mane Jellyfish. Sea Wasps. Box Jellyfish. This list may seem short, but box jellyfish is actually a category with about 50 types of jellyfish in it.Dec 23, 2021 · The Irukandji jellyfish could have sprung from the fertile imagination of a sci-fi horror writer. It looks deceptively insignificant and benign, but its entire body is a biological booby trap. In most jellyfish it’s only the tentacles that are studded with the minuscule harpoon-like, venom-loaded stinging cells known as nematocysts.Mar 1, 2023 · Box jellyfish are carnivores with few predators. Unlike “true” jellyfish, they are able to pursue prey at speeds of up to 4.6 miles per hour. They use the nematocysts on their long tentacles to envenom their prey, after which they swallow them. Despite this adaptation, they do have a few notable predators. The world's largest jellyfish, with a bell up to 6 feet wide and tentacles exceeding 100 feet, although it grows much smaller in Chesapeake Bay. Generally orangish-brown. Mushroom Cap Jelly. A meaty jelly with noticeable oral arms but no tentacles. Outer edge of swimming bell is fringed. Softball to volleyball-sized. Uncommon winter visitor. How much do fish cost at Walmart? We list the prices for goldfish, betta fish, and other types. Find the details inside. Walmart sells pet fish — but only at some of its store loca...These little latkes—baby jellyfish—use a rim of translucent, stubby spokes to beat through the water. The conditions that spur this budding process vary from one species to another, says Steve ...Feb 17, 2023 · Some of the individual species in this group include: Moon Jelly, Barrel jellyfish, Cannonball jellyfish, Cassiopea andromeda, Aurelia coerulea, Helmet jellyfish, and Lion’s Mane jellyfish. Hydrozoa – Hydrozoa is a classification that houses 700 unique jellyfish species. The App is suitable for divers, fishers, tourism operators, beach combers, naturalists, and others interested in squishy beasts. Knowing when and where jellyfish are likely to occur can be challenging, even leaving the experts scratching their heads. The Jellyfish App is designed to help you quickly assess what species are likely to be around ... Jellyfish are a type of zooplankton that both drift in the ocean and have some swimming ability. Hundreds of jellyfish species live in every part of the ocean and belong to the same animal group as corals and sea anemones. Soft-bodied, fragile, and often transparent, jellyfish often look like umbrellas or bells with tentacles around the edge or ... Contents. Jellyfish classification. Where do jellyfish live? what do jellyfish eat? Poisonous jellyfish. Non poisonous jellyfish. Big jellyfish. Immortal jellyfish. Types of … Cyanea capillata. Lion's Mane Jellyfish (sideview) 2. Cyanea capillata sideview. Moon Jellyfish (topview) 3. Aurelia aurita. Moon Jellyfish (sideview) 4. Aurelia aurita (sideview) Egg-yolk Jelly (topview) 5. Phacellophora camtschatica. The moon jellyfish is an excellent aquarium inhabitant. Many hobbyists have successfully kept the species, breed them and watched them complete their life cycle. Keeping a jellyfish is a superb source for expanding your knowledge about them. Plus, it can help you advance jellyfish husbandry infiltration, foods, system design and more. When. 23 October 2017. The world's smallest jellyfishes are the irukandji box jellies, of which there are approximately 16 species, predominantly native to Australia's marine waters, especially those off Queensland, but also turning up elsewhere from time to time, including Japan, Florida and occasionally even off the English coast.In the freshwater rivers adult box jellyfish lays eggs and sperms after which they die. Box jellyfish gather in large number in spring every year and soon after spawning they are as dead as a doornail. Box jellyfish are oviparous. Cubozoans breed only once every year. The breeding season mostly begins in late summer and ends in early fall.Many different species of sea jellies live in Queensland waters. These are some of the species you are most likely to find. Phylum CnidariaPhylum Ctenophora.Advice for turning a fantasy into reality. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to Money's Terms of Use and Priv...Jan 12, 2016 · "She collected the [jellyfish's] larvae and sent them to us, in hopes that we could breed and raise them to adulthood," explains Zoo Vienna staffer Johanna Bukovsky. "It was a challenge, even for ...In 2011, a marine biology student in China kept a moon jellyfish (aurelia aurita) in a tank. When it died, he kept the body in another tank. Three months later, a new tiny polyp was growing out the top of the moon jellyfish. This regeneration process has now been found in …Delve into the captivating world of 17 different types of jellyfish species. From graceful moon jellies to fearsome box jellyfish, we reveal the mysterious characteristics that make these creatures truly fascinating. Box Jellyfish …There are currently around 51 known species of the colloquially known box jellies. Hydrozoa – a whopping 3200 species of hydrozoa have been discovered up until now and are …Jan 1, 2016 · Since 2008 AquaBioSolutions, the first privately owned jellyfish breeding center, not related to a zoo or a public aquarium, was founded in the Netherlands. With his more than 30 years experience in sea and work in the Artis Zoo Aquarium in Amsterdam, Piet Sondervan started to breed jellyfish for commercial purpose.Nov 18, 2015 · Jellyfish start life in the ocean as filter-feeding stumps less than a centimeter tall. The top of the stump has a halo of frilly tentacles, similar to a sea anemone. In favorable conditions ...While most jellyfish are harmless there are a few types of jellyfish you need to be careful and aware of when you are swimming in the ocean. Irukandji Jellyfish. Lion’s Mane Jellyfish. Sea Wasps. Box Jellyfish. This list may seem short, but box jellyfish is actually a category with about 50 types of jellyfish in it.Your garage can be prone to having excessive humidity. Coupling that with it being dim most of the time, makes it the perfect breeding ground for Expert Advice On Improving Your Ho...A group of jellyfish is called a smack. When huge numbers of jellyfish, or any plant or animal, appear suddenly, it is called a ?bloom.? Jellyfish in a bloom can number in the mill...Fossilized stranded scyphozoans on a Cambrian tidal flat at Blackberry Hill, Wisconsin. The Scyphozoa are an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnidaria, [2] referred to as the true jellyfish (or "true jellies"). The class name Scyphozoa comes from the Greek word skyphos ( σκύφος ), denoting a kind of drinking cup and alluding to the ...Jellyfish are a major prey item for sea turtles, especially the leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Jellyfish make up the majority of the leatherback’s diet, diving up to 4,000 ft deep hunting them. Unfortunately, plastic bags closely resemble jellyfish in the water, which leads to animals accidentally ingesting them. This can …There’s at least 51 species of box jellyfish across 8 different families and 2 orders, and strings from some species, such as Chironex fleckeri, Carukia barnesi, Malo kingi can be fatal to humans. They can be found in tropical and sub-tropical waters, including the Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, Pacific and the Mediterranean Sea.Saf. 5, 1445 AH ... The Australian box jellyfish is one of the most venomous creatures on Earth. One sting from it can lead to paralysis, cardiac arrest and ...Aug 11, 2018 · Lion’s mane jellyfish. These giants are the largest known species of jellyfish. The largest-ever recorded specimen had a bell with a diameter of 7 feet, 6 inches (2.3 m) and tentacles of 121 feet (37 m) long. More typical specimens have bells of 3.2 feet (1 m) across and tentacles 33 feet (10 m) long. While they do possess stingers, only rare ...Jun 16, 2021 · Diseases of moon jellyfish Tentacle Balls – Unhealthy. Jellyfish tentacles get tangled and knotted around the perimeter of the bell. The cause for this disease is the lack of flow in your tank. Moon jellyfish tentacles will become tangled if there is not enough support from the current water flow to support their movements (swimming).Apr 3, 2012 · Of the 66 LMEs defined thus far that cover the world’s coastal waters and seas, trends of jellyfish abundance after 1950 (increasing, decreasing, or stable/variable) were identified for 45, with variable degrees of confidence. Of those 45 LMEs, the majority (28 or 62%) showed increasing trends. These changes are discussed in the context of ... Jellyfish are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea. Scyphozoans (the "true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coastal zones worldwide. SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 28 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- McAfee, Inc. , the leader in Intrusion Prevention and Risk Management solutions, and Hita... SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 28 ...Jellyfish have a unique and complex life cycle that involves both a polyp and medusa stage. The life cycle of jellyfish can vary between species, but most follow a similar pattern. Polyp Stage. The first stage of the jellyfish life cycle is the polyp stage. During this stage, the jellyfish exists as a small, tube-like structure called a polyp.Nov 18, 2015 · Jellyfish start life in the ocean as filter-feeding stumps less than a centimeter tall. The top of the stump has a halo of frilly tentacles, similar to a sea anemone. In favorable conditions ...SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 28 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- McAfee, Inc. , the leader in Intrusion Prevention and Risk Management solutions, and Hita... SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 28 ...Fishing activities, tourism disrupted. Photo: STAR. Thousands of dead jellyfish are piling up on Kuakata sea beach in Patuakhali after being cast ashore by tidal waves of the Bay …Jellyfish Marine Life Indetification Perth WA ... Jellyfish. Jellyfish (also known as jellies or sea ... species), Staurozoa (about 50 species), Cubozoa ...A jellyfish may have from eight to hundreds of tentacles depending on its species. Jellyfish tentacles also vary greatly in size, from a few feet to over a hundred feet in length. ...There’s at least 51 species of box jellyfish across 8 different families and 2 orders, and strings from some species, such as Chironex fleckeri, Carukia barnesi, Malo kingi can be fatal to humans. They can be found in tropical and sub-tropical waters, including the Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, Pacific and the Mediterranean Sea.4 days ago · Jellyfish reproduce both sexually and asexually. The most common method of reproduction is asexual reproduction through binary fission, where the jellyfish splits into two equal and … Deep-Red Jellyfish. (K. Raskoff, Monterey Peninsula College, Hidden Ocean 2005, NOAA.) Alien-looking creatures like this deep-red jellyfish ( Crossota norvegica) swim in the Arctic Sea. Learn more about Arctic sea life in our Under the Arctic Ice story, or at the home page for the Arctic Ocean Diversity project. Buy pet jellyfish, jellyfish food and bioluminescent algae. Specialist Moon Jellyfish breeders in the UK. Fast and safe UK delivery.Jun 27, 2023 · Also known as transverse fission, strobilation is the process by which small jellyfish called ephyras originate. The transverse fission of these jellyfish consists of the division of a kind of superimposed discs, all of them with the same DNA. It is a type of asexual reproduction, so each disc released is an ephyra. Jellyfish have a unique and complex life cycle that involves both a polyp and medusa stage. The life cycle of jellyfish can vary between species, but most follow a similar pattern. Polyp Stage. The first stage of the jellyfish life cycle is the polyp stage. During this stage, the jellyfish exists as a small, tube-like structure called a polyp. Mar 14, 2022 · Crystal jellyfish reproduce both sexually and asexually, like other jellyfish. They breed all year, resulting in new juvenile Medusae every two days at the very least. Further, polyps in this species live in colonies and can live for two years. 2. Lion’s Mane Jellyfish. The lion’s mane jellyfish is the largest jellyfish species.

Jellyfish eat their prey by first paralyzing them by stinging them, and then drawing the prey in through the mouth, which is a hole in the middle of the jellyfish’s body, reports N.... Best seo websites

jellyfish breeds

Jan 30, 2022 · Pink meanie jellyfish burst onto the scene in 2000 when many were spotted in the Gulf of Mexico. They were initially misidentified as another species before finally being classified as a new species a decade later. These pink jellyfish may have a cute cotton candy color, but don’t let that fool you. They are impressive in size – they can ... 13. Blue Blubber Jellyfish. The Blue Blubber Jellyfish is a common sight in the waters of the Indo-Pacific region. It is known for its vibrant blue color and unique pulsating …Learn about jellyfish, marine invertebrates with about 200 species in the class Scyphozoa and 20 in the class Cubozoa. Find out their characteristics, habitat, diet, anatomy, …Species Profile: White Spotted Jellyfish. Preys on native species; negatively impacts shrimp industry by clogging nets and damaging fishing equipment.In 2011, a marine biology student in China kept a moon jellyfish (aurelia aurita) in a tank. When it died, he kept the body in another tank. Three months later, a new tiny polyp was growing out the top of the moon jellyfish. This regeneration process has now been found in …It has a population of just 20,000, spread across 458 sq km (177 square miles) of bright blue ocean and somewhere between 340 to 500 coral and volcanic islands (depending …May 23, 2022 · Interesting Fried Egg Jellyfish Facts. 1. Jellyfish aren’t really fish. Though they have the word “fish” in their name, jellyfish aren’t really fish at all. In fact, they couldn’t be more different. Jellyfish don’t have fins, gills, or scales. They come from a completely different phylum. Really, the only thing they have in common ...Aug 11, 2018 · Lion’s mane jellyfish. These giants are the largest known species of jellyfish. The largest-ever recorded specimen had a bell with a diameter of 7 feet, 6 inches (2.3 m) and tentacles of 121 feet (37 m) long. More typical specimens have bells of 3.2 feet (1 m) across and tentacles 33 feet (10 m) long. The White-spotted Jellyfish is causing a problem overseas, particularly in the Caribbean region. It may have hitched a ride in ships' ballast tanks, travelling from Australia and the Pacific region to the Caribbean. Here, it found an ideal place to breed, free of their natural predators (various Pacific-region snails).Although we call them fish, these creatures aren’t truly fish but gelatinous zooplanktons. There are more than 10,000 recognized species of jellyfish in the world, out of which these eight jellyfish can be found in Florida: Moon Jellyfish. Cannonball Jellyfish. …Sep 14, 1998 · Jellyfish reproduction involves several different stages. In the adult, or medusa, stage of a jellyfish, they can reproduce sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into the water, forming a planula. ... For AVs to really take off, however, the underlying technology must be extremely robust To watch the full episode, head on over to our sister channel at Hypergrowth Investing — htt...Sep 20, 2023 · With its stunning white sand beaches along the Panhandle, Pensacola attracts swimmers, snorkelers, and beach lovers year-round. But those planning water activities often wonder if jellyfish will be present to interfere with the fun. While over 40 species of jellyfish inhabit the Gulf of Mexico, only some …Dec 23, 2021 · The Irukandji jellyfish could have sprung from the fertile imagination of a sci-fi horror writer. It looks deceptively insignificant and benign, but its entire body is a biological booby trap. In most jellyfish it’s only the tentacles that are studded with the minuscule harpoon-like, venom-loaded stinging cells known as nematocysts.Jellyfish in Irish waters. Ireland has five indigenous jellyfish species: Barrel, Blue,. Common (Moon), Compass, and Lion's Mane. A sixth species. (Pelagia ...Advertisement It costs a tremendous amount of money to not only buy, but also maintain a race horse. There are stable fees, the salaries of grooms, trainers and farm managers, tran...SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 28 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- McAfee, Inc. , the leader in Intrusion Prevention and Risk Management solutions, and Hita... SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 28 ... Their bodies are made up of more than 95 percent water. Graceful and sometimes dangerous, jellies range in size from miniscule to enormous. One of the largest, the lion’s mane jelly, has a giant-sized bell eight feet (2.4 m) across. Its flowing tentacles can reach 100 feet (30.5 m) or more — longer than two school buses parked end-to-end! 2. Mauve Stinger or Purple Jellyfish. by richard ling is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Another jellyfish in the Gulf of Mexico is the mauve stinger (Pelagia noctiluca), commonly known as the purple jellyfish. It is a species of jellyfish found along the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.Raising Pet Jellyfish. A free resource for all things involving jellyfish. Learn how to care for jellyfish, DIY your own jellyfish aquarium or study each species in detail with our photographic compendium. The world of Jellyfish is colorful and fascinating. Reliable information about jellyfish, their life stages and captive care is often ....

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