Paleozoic period - trilobite, any member of a group of extinct fossil arthropods easily recognized by their distinctive three-lobed, three-segmented form. Trilobites, exclusively marine animals, first appeared at the beginning of the Cambrian Period, about 542 million years ago, when they dominated the seas.Although they became less abundant in …

 
The Paleozoic era culminated 251.9 million years ago in the most severe mass extinction recorded in the geologic record. Known as the "great dying," this event saw the loss of up to 96% of all .... Decorative rocker switch plate covers

Oct 14, 2023 · The Neoproterozoic aeon (or, more colloquially, the Precambrian) runs from about 1,000 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Mesoproterozoic to 542 mya at the start of the Cambrian of the Paleozoic period. In the geologic time scale, it is one of three major divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic.May 1, 2014 · This period is marked by the inversion of the Mesozoic basins in Baer-Bassit, Afrin, Palmyrides, and Lebanon. Finally, in the Late Miocene the Levant fault cuted all the older structures. Finally ...Mesozoic. Mesozoic (252-66 million years ago) means 'middle life' and this is the time of the dinosaurs. This era includes the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods, names that may be familiar to you. It ended with a massive meteorite impact that caused a mass extinction, wiping out the dinosaurs and up to 80% of life on Earth. The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), sometimes known as the end-Ordovician mass extinction or the Ordovician-Silurian extinction, is the first of the "big five" major mass extinction events in Earth's history, occurring roughly 443 Mya. [1] It is often considered to be the second-largest known extinction event, in terms of the percentage ...Learn more about Audible at https://Audible.com/Eons or text “Eons” to 500-500 PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, g...The Paleozoic era (from the Greek palaio, meaning "old" and zoion, "animals," meaning "ancient life") is an interval of about 291 million years defined on the geologic timescale as spanning roughly from 542 to 251 million years ago (mya), and as being the earliest of three eras of the Phanerozoic eon. The Paleozoic era is followed by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.During the Paleozoic Era, there were multi-cellular organisms like trilobites, mollusks, jawless fish, seaweeds and finally, jawed fish, sharks, plants and early amphibians and reptiles.Pangaea was assembled only at the end of the Paleozoic era, approximately 250 million years ago. It started to fragment during the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era, about 170 million years ago ...We just cruised through the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons. That brings us all the way to the Phanerozoic eon, which is the one we are still living in...Paleozoic Geology of the Pacific Northwest. The Paleozoic era began close to 541 million years ago with the Cambrian period. Throughout the Rocky Mountain and Basin and Range regions, and in northeastern Washington state, the Cambrian period is distinguished by the great Cambrian transgression. The ocean gradually rose and covered the lowlands ...The Neoproterozoic Era is the unit of geologic time from 1 billion to 538.8 million years ago. [2] It is the last era of the Precambrian Supereon and the Proterozoic Eon; it is subdivided into the Tonian, Cryogenian, and Ediacaran periods. It is preceded by the Mesoproterozoic Era and succeeded by the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon.The Paleozoic Era can be subdivided into six geologic periods. These include: the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and the Permian ...Paleozoic Era: (543-248 mya) Cambrian | Ordovician | Silurian | Devonian | Carboniferous | Permian. Permian Period (290-248 mya) A great merger of northern and southern landmasses creates the ...The Snowball Earth is a geohistorical hypothesis that proposes during one or more of Earth's icehouse climates, the planet's surface became entirely or nearly entirely frozen with no liquid oceanic or surface water exposed to the atmosphere.The most academically referred period of such global glaciation is believed to have occurred sometime before …Jul 8, 2023 · Paleozoic Era (541 to 252 million years ago): Fossils from this time period include trilobites, brachiopods, early fish and amphibians, and coral reefs. Mesozoic Era (252 to 66 million years ago): Fossils from this time period include dinosaurs, ammonites, and early birds and mammals. The Ordovician* lasted about 45 million years and saw the transition from very primitive to relatively modern life-forms in the seas. The “Ordovician radiation” which followed the late Cambrian extinctions, lead to a tripling of marine diversity, the greatest increase in the history of life, and giving the highest levels of diversity seen during the Paleozoic Era.It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from 538.8 to 251.902, and is subdivided into six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic Proterozoic Eon and is followed by the Mesozoic. The Paleozoic was a time of dramatic geological, climatic, and evolutionary change.The Carboniferous Period and the Ordovician Period were the only geological periods during the Paleozoic Era when global temperatures were as low as they are today.To the consternation of …During the Mississippian period, the Inland Basin region was still flooded with a warm inland sea, in which abundant limestone was deposited. Approximately 300–250 million years ago, through the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods, a final mountain-building event occurred as Gondwana collided with North America to form the …The Permian period lasted from 299 to 251 million years ago* and was the last period of the Paleozoic Era. The distinction between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic is made at the end of the Permian in recognition of the largest mass extinction recorded in the history of life on Earth. It affected many groups of organisms in many different ...Ediacaran Period, also called Vendian Period, uppermost division of the Proterozoic Eon of Precambrian time and latest of the three periods of the Neoproterozoic Era, extending from approximately 635 million to 541 million years ago. The Ediacaran followed the Cryogenian Period (approximately 720 million to approximately 635 million years ago) and was …“The last ~540 million years represent the period ... presented a severe decoupling of oxygen exchange between the upper and lower portions of the ocean during the early Paleozoic period, ...Jan 5, 2017 · 华北克拉通古生代的大地构造演化始于大约520 Ma，此时冈瓦纳古陆的聚合正处于峰期。中寒武世华北克拉通古生代最早的沉积记录始于其边缘的更老地层或者变质基底之上。随后，海相环境扩展，广泛的海侵导致中寒武世晚期馒头组及其上的地层广泛分布于华北 …Common Paleozoic fossils include trilobites and cephalopods, as well as insects and ferns. The greatest mass extinction in Earth's history ended this era. Paleozoic Resources. The Paleozoic Era is further divided in to seven periods/sub-periods: the Cambrian, the Ordovician, the Silurian, the Devonian, the Mississippian, the Pennsylvanian, the ...The Second era of the World. The time period between the Precambrian and Mesozoic periods that lasted for nearly 340 million years is the Paleozoic era. This era is divided into several periods like the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. The Cambrian period was the first part of this era which started ...The Paleozoic Era started 542 million years ago with the emergence of complex life forms and ended 251 million years ago with the largest mass extinction the world has ever experienced. It is the ... Aug 29, 2019 · The Paleozoic Era began with the Cambrian Explosion, a relatively rapid period of speciation that kicked off a long period of life flourishing on Earth. Vast amounts of life forms from the oceans moved onto the land. Plants were the first to make the move, followed by invertebrates. Not long afterward, vertebrates took to the land. Prehistoric Amphibian Pictures and Profiles. During the Carboniferous and Permian periods, prehistoric amphibians, and not reptiles, were the apex predators of the earth's continents. On the following slides, you'll find pictures and detailed profiles of over 30 prehistoric amphibians, ranging from Amphibamus to Westlothiana.Describe the Middle. Paleozoic fauna. • Define the concept of mass extinction. VOCABULARY. Taconic Orogeny. Caledonian ...根据Takhtajan世界植物区系分区对报春花科22属在世界各地以及在中国各省区的分布作了较详细的统计，在此基础上，将报春花科各属归纳为10个分布型，认为中国西部横断山区和东西马拉雅为报春花科的现代分布中心和多样化中心；高加索—阿尔卑斯山脉为第二 ...The Paleozoic era spanned roughly (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest, they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age.Paleozoic animals lived during the Paleozoic era, a huge stretch of time extending from the beginning of the Cambrian period, 542 million years ago, to the catastrophic Permian-Triassic extinction, about 251 million years ago.The era encompasses six geologic periods, and from youngest to oldest, they are: Cambrian, Ordovician, …The meaning of PALEOZOIC is of, relating to, originating in, or being an era of geologic history that extends from the beginning of the Cambrian to the close of the Permian and is marked by the culmination of nearly all classes of invertebrates except the insects and in the later epochs by the appearance of terrestrial plants, amphibians, and reptiles; also : relating to the corresponding ...The Paleozoic Era spanned that period of geologic time during which the evolution of the first invertebrates, vertebrates, terrestrial (land-based) plants, bony fish, reptiles, insects, etc. took place. The end of the Paleozoic Era (approximately 245 mya) ...The Paleozoic Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Beginning 538.8 million years ago , it succeeds the Neoproterozoic and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of the Mesozoic Era. The Paleozoic is subdivided into six geologic periods :“It’s a phenomenon in the late Paleozoic period that we had these large arthropods,” says Conrad Labandeira, PhD, a senior research scientist in the department of paleobiology and curator of ...Viewed from space, the Paleozoic Earth would be a foreign world. During this era, seas flooded the continents and receded several times. During the early Paleozoic three small continents— Laurentia, Siberia, and Baltica—split apart from the rest of the supercontinent Gondwana and formed the Lapetus Ocean in between.Silurian Period, Interval of geologic time, 443.4–419.2 million years ago, the third period of the Paleozoic Era.The Silurian follows the Ordovician Period and precedes the Devonian.It marks the first appearance of land plants and jawed fishes. During most of this period, a vast ocean covered the northern polar region, the supercontinent of Gondwana stretched …Nov 22, 2019 · Animals of the Pleistocene Epoch. Megafauna, especially large mammals, thrived during the Pleistocene period. Some of the better-known giant mammals of the Pleistocene epoch include woolly mammoths, mastodons, saber-toothed tigers, cave bears and giant deer. North America's Pleistocene animal population resembled modern Africa, …It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from 538.8 to 251.902, and is subdivided into six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic Proterozoic Eon and is followed by the Mesozoic. The Paleozoic was a time of dramatic geological, climatic, and evolutionary change.Ordovician Period, Interval of geologic time, 485.4–443.4 million years ago, the second oldest period of the Paleozoic Era. It follows the Cambrian and precedes the Silurian Period. During the Ordovician, many of the landmasses were aligned in the tropics.Reptile - Evolution, Paleontology, Adaptation: The first land vertebrates, the Tetrapoda, appeared near the middle of the Devonian Period. The earliest known reptiles, Hylonomus and Paleothyris, date from the Late Carboniferous. The Mesozoic Era is known as the “Age of Reptiles.” Today's reptiles represent only a fraction of the reptile groups and species …The Paleozoic Era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous and Permian era periods, each with characteristic groups of ...Jun 28, 2017 · Paleozoic Era. The Paleozoic Era lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago. It is divided into six periods. Cambrian Period. The Precambrian mass extinction opened up many niches for new organisms to fill. As a result, the Cambrian Period began with an explosion of new kinds of living things. For example, many types of simple animals called ... Dec 3, 2021 · The Upper Paleozoic period in the Bohai Bay Basin experienced long-term tectonic evolution both in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods, with multiple subsidences and uplifts [9,10]. The diagenetic sequences of tight sandstones in the Carton basins, such as the Ordos and Sichuan basins, have been studied extensively [ 11 , 12 ].Cambrian explosion, the unparalleled emergence of organisms between 541 million and approximately 530 million years ago at the beginning of the Cambrian Period.The event was characterized by the appearance of many of the major phyla (between 20 and 35) that make up modern animal life. Many other phyla also evolved …Oct 14, 2023 · The Neoproterozoic aeon (or, more colloquially, the Precambrian) runs from about 1,000 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Mesoproterozoic to 542 mya at the start of the Cambrian of the Paleozoic period. In the geologic time scale, it is one of three major divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic.Describe the Middle. Paleozoic fauna. • Define the concept of mass extinction. VOCABULARY. Taconic Orogeny. Caledonian ...Pregnancy and menopause can be causes of a phantom period, according to What to Expect and Menopause A to Z, respectively. A phantom period is when a woman experiences the symptoms of a period with no actual bleeding.Oct 5, 2023 · Paleozoic Era, major interval of geologic time that began 538.8 million years ago with the Cambrian explosion, an extraordinary diversification of marine animals, and ended about 252 million years ago with the end-Permian extinction, the greatest extinction event in Earth history. The major Mar 23, 2020 · It’s easy to get distracted by the abundance and diversity of life that appears and flourishes during the Paleozoic. But life and evolution are influenced by the geologic processes that are always shaping the earth’s environments. The Paleozoic saw periods of intense mountain building, extensive glaciations, widespread shallow seas, and the ... The temperature of a planet is linked with the diversity of life that it can support. MIT geologists have now reconstructed a timeline of the Earth’s temperature during the early Paleozoic era, between 510 and 440 million years ago — a pivotal period when animals became abundant in a previously microbe-dominated world. Animals of the Pleistocene Epoch. Megafauna, especially large mammals, thrived during the Pleistocene period. Some of the better-known giant mammals of the Pleistocene epoch include woolly mammoths, mastodons, saber-toothed tigers, cave bears and giant deer. North America's Pleistocene animal population resembled modern Africa, …In addition to the relative dating of periods in Earth's history for which we have rocks preserved, geologists are now able to assign absolute age dates to critical intervals. In the Geologic Time Scale, time is generally divided on the basis of the earth's biotic composition, with the Phanerozoic Eon (i.e. the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic ...Periods of the Paleozoic Era include: Cambrian; Ordovician; Silurian; Devonian; Carboniferous (sometimes separated into the ...During the Paleozoic Era, which lasted 289 million years, plants and reptiles began moving from the sea to the land. The era has been divided into six periods: Permian, Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian. Several times during this era, seas appeared and disappeared in Kansas.The Cambrian Period. The Cambrian Period marks an important point in the history of life on Earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the "Cambrian Explosion," because of the relatively short time over which this diversity of forms appears. The end of the Paleozoic era is marked by the largest mass extinction in earth history. The Paleozoic era had two smaller mass extinctions, but these were not as large as the Permian Mass Extinction, also known as the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event. It is estimated that up to 96% of marine species and 70% of land-dwelling (terrestrial ...The Paleozoic Era. Speak to the Earth and it shall speak to thee. Introduction. Ye can see words in these stones. The Proterozoic Eon ended. It was five ...Oct 20, 2023 · Cenozoic Era, third of the major eras of Earth’s history, beginning about 66 million years ago and extending to the present. It was the interval of time during which the continents assumed their modern configuration and geographic positions and during which Earth’s flora and fauna evolved toward those of the present.1 Jun 2005 ... Happenings During the Paleozoic Era (545-248 Million Years Ago) · 545 to 248 million years ago · Geologic periods (divisions) of the Paleozoic: ...Choose your favorite paleozoic era photographs from 515 available designs. All paleozoic era photographs ship within 48 hours and include a 30-day ...It is the period when Pangaea was broken and the Tethys Sea came into existence. It marks the beginning of life on the earth’s surface. The rocks of this is the period saw plenty of fossil evidences. These are seen in all geological formations from this period. They also indicated marine conditions in these Paleozoic rocks in India.443 million Years Ago. Graptolites of the Ordovician period. Image credit Aunt Spray via Shutterstock. The Ordovician-Silurian period saw earth's first mass extinction 443 million years ago. Approximately 85% of the earth’s species disappeared. Scientists believe climate change caused mass extinction.Paleozoic Era: Carboniferous. Back. During the Carboniferous period (from 360 to 300 million years ago), siliceous sands and muds were created through the ...In the time before the Paleozoic (the Precambrian Era) life had spread through the ocean (taking about 3 billion years to do so), so in the ocean you might have ...The Paleozoic era occurred 542 to 250 million years ago. It is divided into six periods of time and the last two saw the development of the largest insects. These were known as the Carboniferous period (360 to 300 million years ago) and the Permian period (300 to 250 million years ago). Atmospheric oxygen is the single most limiting factor for ...Hemichordates are another group now inconspicuous but diverse in the Paleozoic. Most of them are called graptolites, colonoids abundant in the Ordovician Period (485 million to 444 million years ago) and Silurian Period (about 444 million to 419 million years ago). Hemichordates are very primitive deuterostomes related to both echinoderms and ... Trilobites are iconic Paleozoic fossils; they were more common in the Cambrian and Ordovician than in later periods, and became extinct at the end of the Permian. They were marine arthropods, and had well-defined head, tail, and thoracic (leg-bearing) segments. Most had large compound eyes, often with lenses that are visible to the naked eye.Stock photo Artwork of underwater life during the Paleozoic Era (570 to 300 million years ago), showing fish from a variety of periods, such as the early ...Sep 27, 2023 · Updated on September 27, 2023. “The Paleozoic Era (540 to 252 million years ago) was a revolutionary time for new life on Earth. But it had its ups and downs.”. Some of the key highlights from the Paleozoic Era include: CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION: Bony fish diversified during the Cambrian explosion. Just to end in the largest extinction in Earth ... The Cambrian Period. The Cambrian Period marks an important point in the history of life on Earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the "Cambrian Explosion," because of the relatively short time over which this diversity of forms appears. Gondwana, also called Gondwanaland, ancient supercontinent that incorporated present-day South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, India, Australia, and Antarctica.It was fully assembled by Late Precambrian time, some 600 million years ago, and the first stage of its breakup began in the Early Jurassic Period, about 180 million years ago. The name …The Cambrian Period. The Cambrian Period marks an important point in the history of life on Earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the "Cambrian Explosion," because of the relatively short time over which this diversity of forms appears.The Paleozoic Era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous periods, each with characteristic groups of fossils. The Cambrian Period saw the explosion of new kinds of invertebrate animals in the oceans, including trilobites ( …Jun 25, 2020 · Airborne geophysical surveys are widely used in geological prospecting for hydrocarbon reservoirs. The efficiency and fast acquisition of these methods covering large areas, recognize them as a key tool for any prospecting project located in frontier basins, such as Parnaíba Basin, where there is a large amount of technical data. Among the …17 Jun 2023 ... Understanding the Paleozoic: A Geological Time Frame · The Cambrian Period (538.8–485.4 million years ago) · The Ordovician Period (485.4–443.8 ...You may be familiar with the chemical periodic table from school, but there’s more than meets the eye with this seemingly simple scientific chart. Learn more about the periodic table, including how it was developed and which elements have s...Sea levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an integrated history of sea levels has remained unrealized. We reconstructed a history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins. Evaluation of the timing and amplitude ...Mar 22, 2011 · The Paleozoic era occurred 542 to 250 million years ago. It is divided into six periods of time and the last two saw the development of the largest insects. These were known as the Carboniferous period (360 to 300 million years ago) and the Permian period (300 to 250 million years ago). Atmospheric oxygen is the single most limiting factor for ... A go shop period is a window of time during which public companies can solicit competing purchase offers. A go shop period is a window of time during which public companies can solicit competing purchase offers. Let&aposs say Company XYZ is...

19 Des 2019 ... KNOWN AS THE AGE OF FISH OR TRILOBITES. Life starts in the seas and moves onto land. Paleozoic Era. Six periods : Cambrian Ordovician Silurian .... Three bedrooms near me

paleozoic period

Feb 1, 2019 · The characteristics of the rock masses suggest an Early Paleozoic age for the subduction-collision complex in the southern Altyn region. Download : Download high-res image (362KB) ... (752 ± 7 Ma) had been subjected to deep continental subduction and UHP metamorphism during the early Paleozoic period (500 ± 7 Ma), and had subsequently ...Paleozoic Era, or Palaeozoic Era , Major interval of geologic time, c. 542-251 million years ago.Minerals. , Volume 13, Issue 7 (July 2023) – 154 articles. Cover Story ( view full-size image ): The Pra Basin's crystalline aquifer plays a crucial role in the region's water supply systems, particularly in light of the ongoing pollution of surface water resources. This research employs combinatorial inverse and geochemical reaction path ...Jul 5, 2023 · Common Paleozoic fossils include trilobites and cephalopods, as well as insects and ferns. The greatest mass extinction in Earth's history ended this era. Paleozoic Resources. The Paleozoic Era is further divided in to seven periods/sub-periods: the Cambrian, the Ordovician, the Silurian, the Devonian, the Mississippian, the Pennsylvanian, the ... The periods that followed the Cambrian during the Paleozoic Era are marked by further animal evolution and the emergence of many new orders, families, and species. As animal phyla continued to diversify, new species adapted to new ecological niches. During the Ordovician period, which followed the Cambrian period, plant life first appeared on land.Section 3: The Paleozoic Era. • First four-legged animals developed began. The Paleozoic Era lasted from about 540 million years ago to about 248 million years ago. During this time period of about 292 million years, shallow seas came inland several times. Sharks and other fish, along with many other kinds of animals, lived in the water.The Paleozoic Era started 542 million years ago with the emergence of complex life forms and ended 251 million years ago with the largest mass extinction the world has ever experienced. It is the ...Life During the Paleozoic. The Paleozoic Era is literally the era of “old life.”. It lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago and is divided into six periods. Major events in each period of the Paleozoic Era are described in Figure below. The era began with a spectacular burst of new life.After the Cambrian Explosion, the Paleozoic was rather uneventful for the next 50 million years or so. According to a USGS website, which also informs any later explanation of the Paleozoic’s periods, the Cambrian Period is recognized by the formation of the supercontinent of Gondwana. During the Cambrian, North America was located near the ...The meaning of PALEOZOIC is of, relating to, originating in, or being an era of geologic history that extends from the beginning of the Cambrian to the close of the Permian and is marked by the culmination of nearly all classes of invertebrates except the insects and in the later epochs by the appearance of terrestrial plants, amphibians, and reptiles; also : relating to the corresponding ...Jul 23, 2021 · The Permian Period . The Permian period began 299 million years ago at the end of the Paleozoic Era. A collision of continents had created one single supercontinent, Pangea, that extended from ... Paleozoic definition, noting or pertaining to an era occurring between 570 million and 230 million years ago, characterized by the advent of fish, insects, and reptiles. See more.Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Paleozoic Era stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Paleozoic Era stock photos ...Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies.Typically about 0.5 millimetres (1 ⁄ 64 in) long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding.Most marine bryozoans …Aug 23, 2023 · Precambrian, period of time extending from about 4.6 billion years ago (the point at which Earth began to form) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period, approximately 541 million years ago. The Precambrian represents more than 80 percent of the total geologic record. “The last ~540 million years represent the period ... presented a severe decoupling of oxygen exchange between the upper and lower portions of the ocean during the early Paleozoic period, ...The Paleozoic (IPA: /ˌpæli.əˈzoʊ.ɪk,-i.oʊ-, ˌpeɪ-/ PAL-ee-ə-ZOH-ik, -⁠ee-oh-, PAY-; or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Beginning 538.8 million years ago (Ma), it succeeds the Neoproterozoic (the last era of the Proterozoic Eon) and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of the Mesozoic Era. [2].

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